Rebel Soldiers Taking the Oath of Allegiance in the Senate Chamber at Richmond, Virginia.

Former Confederate soldiers raise their right arms while taking an oath of allegiance to the United States in the Senate chamber in Richmond. Based on a sketch by artist Alfred R. Waud, this engraving was published in the June 17, 1865, edition of Harpers Weekly. After the Civil War, men who had supported or fought for the Confederacy were not permitted to vote unless they took an oath of allegiance to the United States or obtained a presidential pardon.